INDIA – PAKISTAN – IRAN – TURKMENISTAN – TURKEY – ALGERIA – MOROCCO – NIGERIA – UGANDA
Music in the World of Islam – 4: Flutes & Trumpets – Tangent TGS 134 – Recorded by Jean Jenkins and Poul Rovsing Olsen between 1960-1975, released in 1976 (LP)
The landmark World of Islam Festival, held in the UK in 1976, was a large-scale events designed to showcase the rich history, art, culture, and science of the Islamic world, which spans from West Africa to Southeast Asia. This monumental festival featured exhibitions across several major institutions, where approximately 6,000 artworks and artifacts from 30 countries were displayed in locations like the Science Museum, the British Museum, and the Victoria and Albert Museum. A key component was the ‘Music and Musical Instruments in the World of Islam’ exhibition at the Horniman Museum, which featured over 200 musical instruments curated by ethnomusicologists Jean Jenkins (1922-1990) and Poul Rovsing Olsen (1922-1982). To accompany this display, the curators simultaneously released the seminal Music in the World of Islam series, a set of six LPs organized by instrument family: The Human Voice (Vol. 1), Lutes (Vol. 2), Strings (Vol. 3), Flutes & Trumpets (Vol. 4), Reeds & Bagpipes (Vol. 5), and Drums & Rhythms (Vol. 6).
I'm thrilled to share Vol. 4: Flutes & Trumpets LP, a personal favorite in the series. Its presents superbly curated tracks from nine countries: Nigeria and Uganda in West and East Central Africa; Algeria and Morocco in North Africa; Turkey and Iran in West Asia; Turkmenistan in Central Asia; and India and Pakistan in South Asia. The collection highlights various flutes and trumpets, including the satara and düduk duct flutes (A1, B2), nay (ney) and gasba flutes (A3, A4a, A4b, B4, B5), the bansuri transverse flute (A6), and a donaly flute (B3). Also included, are nafir trumpets (A2, A5), a general term for long ceremonial trumpets in the Muslim world; a quirky bankia Rajasthani folk trumpet (B6); and the extraordinarily powerful collective music of an Alur ceremonial ensemble from Uganda (B1), comprising forty aguara ivory trumpets of various sizes and small horn cone flutes.
Le célèbre World of Islam Festival, qui s'est tenu au Royaume-Uni en 1976, était un événement d’envergure destiné à mettre en valeur l’histoire, l'art, la culture et la science du monde islamique, qui s'étend de l'Afrique de l'Ouest à l'Asie du Sud-Est. Ce festival monumental comprenait des expositions dans plusieurs institutions majeures, où environ 6 000 œuvres d'art et objets provenant de 30 pays ont été présentés dans des lieux tels que le Science Museum, le British Museum et le Victoria and Albert Museum. L'un des temps forts était l'exposition « Musique et instruments de musique dans le monde islamique » au Horniman Museum, qui présentait plus de 200 instruments de musique sélectionnés par les ethnomusicologues Jean Jenkins (1922-1990) et Poul Rovsing Olsen (1922-1982). Pour accompagner cette exposition, les conservateurs ont simultanément publié la série phare Music in the World of Islam, un ensemble de six disques vinyles classés par famille d'instruments : Les Voix (Vol. 1), Les Luths (Vol. 2), Les Vièles (Vol. 3), Les Flûtes et Trompettes (vol. 4), Les Anches et Cornemuses (vol. 5) et Les Tambours et Rythmes (vol. 6).
Je suis ravi de vous présenter le quatrième volume, l’album Flutes & Trumpets, l'un de mes tout préférés de la série. Il rassemble des superbes morceaux provenant de neuf pays : le Nigeria et l'Ouganda en Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Est ; l'Algérie et le Maroc en Afrique du Nord ; la Turquie et l'Iran en Asie de l'Ouest ; le Turkménistan en Asie centrale ; ainsi que l'Inde et le Pakistan en Asie du Sud. Cette collection met en avant divers types de flûtes et de trompettes, y-compris les flûtes à conduit satara et doudouk (A1, B2), les flûtes nay (ney) et gasba (A3, A4a, A4b, B4, B5), la flûte traversière bansuri (A6) et la flûte donaly (B3). On y trouve également des trompettes nafir (A2, A5), terme général désignant les longues trompettes cérémonielles dans le monde musulman, une trompette folklorique bankia du Rajasthan (B6), ainsi qu’une musique collective extraordinairement puissante d'un ensemble cérémonial alur d'Ouganda (B1), composé de quarante trompettes en ivoire aguara de différentes tailles et de petites flûtes coniques en corne !
INDIA
A1 – Lahara (introduction to a tune)
Kammo Khan, plays a pair of satara duct flutes; one is fingered and the other acts as a drone;
Recorded in Jodhpur, Rajastan, 1968.
MOROCCO
A2 – Wedding Procession
Long straight nafir trumpets, ghaita oboes, and a large tabl drum;
Recorded in Marrakesh, 1975.
TURKEY (TÜRKIYE)
A3 – Nay solo
Niyazi Sayın;
Recorded in Istanbul, 1975.
ALGERIA
A4a – Nay (or gasba) and handclapping
A4b – Polyphonic religious music
Two singers accompanied by a nay (or gasba) flute;
Recorded in Messaad, 1970.
NIGERIA
A5 – Nafir
Bariba song of welcome. Horns and drums;
Recorded in Okuta, 1960.
PAKISTAN
A6 – Langaga Patanchanada
Punjabi folk song performed by a village band.
Sian ditta Quadri, bansuri transverse flute; Nubarak Ali, santur dulcimer; Rehmat Khan, ghara struck earthen pot; and Jalit Hussain, dholak double membrane drum;
Recorded in Lahore, 1975.
UGANDA
B1 – Festival
Music of the Alur people. Around 40 aguara Ivory trumpets of various sizes and small horn cone flutes;
Recorded in Arua, 1968.
TURKMENISTAN
B2 – Pair of düduk duct flutes
One plays the melody while the other acts as a drone;
Recorded in Ashkabad, 1960.
PAKISTAN
B3 – Dehi Sher (patriotic ballad)
Baluchi music.
Samad Khan, donaly flutes; Baluch Khan, singing in a throat monotone and controlling his voice by pressing his throat;
Recorded in Quetta, 1975.
ALGERIA
B4 – Hadra
Muslim brotherhood music.
Two nay (gasba) flutes and four bendir frame drums inspire trance;
Recorded in Metlili Châamba, 1970.
IRAN
B5 – Nay Solo
Hasan Naheed;
Recorded in Teheran, 1975.
INDIA
B6 – Podina
Rajasthani folk music. Gopal, bankia trumpet; Manudin, sarangi fiddle; Ramjar, harmonium; Aligar, majira cymbals; Shabudin, dholak drum; Bumi, dhol drum;
Recorded in Jaipur, 1975.
***
Jean Jenkins (1922-1990) was a major 20th century ethnomusicologist known for her seminal recordings of traditional music, notably from Africa, central Asia, and with a specific focus on the music in the world of Islam. She also wrote books and diaries, took many excellent photographs, and built a traditional musical instrument collection which she donated to the National Museum of Scotland in 1980.
Poul Rovsing Olsen (1922–1982) was a Danish composer and ethnomusicologist who worked at the Danish Folklore Archives. He is best known for his work on music from the Persian Gulf region.
My other post recorded by Jean Jenkins:
Music of Eritrea – Ethiopia Vol. 3 – Tangent Records TGM 103 here
Poster of the exhibition ‘Music and Musical Instruments in the world of Islam’ held at the Horniman Museum, London, from April 6 to October 6, 1976, as part of the World of Islam Festival 1976:
The photographs below are from Music and Musical Instruments in the World of Islam by Jean Jenkins and Paul Rovsing Olsen, Horniman Museum, London, World of Islam Festival 1976:
Nay, classical end-blown flute, Fez, Morocco:
Hausa musicians playing the nafir or kakaki (the Hausa royal trumpet,) northern Nigeria:
Rajasthani folk music with bowed kemayche, dhol drum,
and double-reed surnai. Jaisalmer, India:
Karna metal trumpet of the Qashqai nomads. Near Shiraz, Iran:
Argun player. One pipe produces a drone. Iskenderun, Turkey:
Ghaita player gathering wedding guests. Tlemcen, Algeria:
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